If you don’t qualify for a Social Security Number but still need to file taxes in the U.S., you may need an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number). This number, issued by the IRS, is essential for staying compliant with tax obligations.

• What is the ITIN?

The ITIN is a tax identification number created for people who cannot obtain a Social Security Number but still need to meet their tax obligations in the U.S. Having an ITIN does not authorize you to work, does not grant Social Security benefits, and does not change your immigration status. Instead, its purpose is purely tax-related: it allows you to file returns, claim credits, and report certain types of income.

• Who needs an ITIN?

You may need an ITIN if you are:

• A non-resident or resident foreigner with U.S. tax obligations.

• A spouse or dependent of a U.S. citizen or resident.

• An investor, student, or temporary visa holder who must report income.

• What documents are required?

The application process for an ITIN requires Form W-7, along with proof of identity and foreign status. In most cases, you will also need to attach a federal tax return, though there are exceptions for certain categories such as foreign investors or scholarship holders.

Some of the most common documents include:

• A valid passport (the most complete document for the process).

• Birth certificate (translated if not in English), along with another government-issued ID.

• For dependents, a school record or a doctor’s letter may be necessary.

• Why it matters

  With an ITIN you can file taxes, claim credits (like the Child Tax Credit), open bank accounts, and meet IRS requirements. ITINs must be renewed if not used for three years, so staying updated is key.

👉 Watch the full video below to understand who needs an ITIN in 2025, the required documents, deadlines, and expert tips to avoid mistakes.